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The image explains key considerations while negotiating saas subscription agreements for enterprises

Negotiating Enterprise SaaS Contracts: Risk Allocation, Procurement Leverage and Governance Discipline

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In the early stages of growth, most software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) ventures contract on their own subscription term, concise agreements built around standard access rights, pricing tiers, basic service levels and a capped liability construct aligned with annual fees. The commercial discussion typically centres on scope, implementation timelines and payment cycles. Legal risk, while present, remains proportionate […]

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The image depicts the conflict between majority shareholder and minority shareholder in private companies

Beyond Majority Rule: Control, Veto Power and Fairness in Indian Private Companies (Corporate Governance in Private Companies, Part III)

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Company law is traditionally anchored in the principle of shareholder democracy. Those who hold the majority of voting rights determine the company’s course; resolutions are passed by numerical strength; and management ultimately derives legitimacy from shareholder approval. The Companies Act, 2013 reflects this architecture. Section 47 of the Companies Act, 2013 confers voting rights upon

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SaaS Agreement and its key considerations in the Indian context

SaaS Subscription Agreements: Structural Risks Indian Startups Cannot Overlook

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In the Indian startup ecosystem, Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) subscription agreements are frequently treated as “industry standard” documents, downloaded, lightly modified, and deployed with minimal structural scrutiny. Founders often rely on templates sourced from US or European precedents, competitor websites, or investor-provided formats. While commercially convenient, this approach creates a fundamental misalignment: the agreement appears familiar, yet

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Legal treatment of SaaS in India

SaaS Under Indian Law: Service, Software or Licence?

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Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) has achieved near-universal commercial acceptance as a dominant software delivery model. In market practice, SaaS offerings are routinely described, and often contractually labelled, as the provision of “services”. This shorthand, while convenient, creates an illusion of legal certainty that Indian law does not fully support. Unlike several mature digital jurisdictions, Indian law does

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Fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the Indian companies laws.

Directors and the Board: Corporate Stewardship under Indian Company Law (Corporate Governance in Private Companies, Part II)

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Indian company law understands the Board of Directors not merely as a managerial organ, but as an institution of corporate stewardship. At its core, stewardship reflects the idea that directors exercise power in trust, for the company as a distinct legal person, and not as proprietors of corporate authority. This distinction is critical, particularly in

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The image highlights the regulatory compliances applicable to payment aggregators, while also highlighting differences with payment gateways.

Payment Aggregators and Payment Gateways in India: Understanding the Regulatory Divide

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India’s digital payments ecosystem has evolved from a facilitator-led model to a systemically important financial infrastructure. As transaction volumes scale and intermediaries increasingly sit between payers and merchants, the regulatory lens has decisively shifted from technology enablement to funds custody and settlement risk. This shift is most visible in the regulatory treatment of “Payment Aggregators”

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Explaining the regulatory overview of prepaid payment instruments in India

A Regulatory Overview of Prepaid Payment Instruments in India

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A Prepaid Payment Instrument(“PPI”) is a regulated payment instrument that facilitates the purchase of goods and services against a pre-funded value stored on such instrument or accessible through it. Under the regulatory framework issued by the Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”), a PPI represents value paid for by the holder in advance and enables payment

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The image explains the RBI Co-lending Arrangements Directions, 2025

RBI’s Co-Lending Arrangements Directions, 2025: A Consolidated Framework for Collaborative Lending

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Co-lending has emerged as a significant credit delivery model in India, where two regulated entities jointly fund loans and share credit risk and rewards on a pre-agreed basis. The Reserve Bank of India (Co-Lending Arrangements) Directions, 2025 (“Co-Lending Directions, 2025”/ “Directions”) provide a comprehensive statutory framework governing such arrangements between regulated entities (“REs”), including commercial

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