Legal Briefs: Bi-Weekly Legal Updates (Volume 2, Issue 9 – November 08, 2025)
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A Legal Perspective on Determining and Safeguarding Startup Valuations in India (Startup Fundraising Series, Part V)
Valuation often forms the centrepiece of any startup fundraising discussion. For founders, it reflects the prospect of their vision; for investors, it signifies the price of future potential. Yet, in the early stages of a company’s life cycle, valuation is seldom a precise science. It sits at the intersection of commercial optimism, market sentiment, and
India’s Space Policy 2023: From Monopoly to Market
For decades, India’s space story revolved around ISRO, a state-led model focused on research, exploration, and national missions. While this framework delivered scientific success, it left limited room for private enterprise. As global space commerce accelerated and Indian startups emerged with satellite and launch capabilities, the need for a clear regulatory pathway became evident. The
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Navigating the Term Sheet: Setting the Foundation for Startup Investments (Startup Fundraising Series, Part IV)
A term sheet marks the formal beginning of a fundraising transaction. It is a pre-contractual document that outlines the key commercial and legal contours of a proposed investment. While it is not a binding agreement in itself, it serves as a structured summary of the parties’ understanding and intent, setting the stage for the detailed
EV Manufacturing in India: An Overview of Legal Framework and Policy Incentives
India’s transition toward clean mobility has accelerated in recent years, driven by an interplay of industrial policy, fiscal incentives, and environmental regulation. The central government’s focus on electric vehicles (EVs) aligns with its long-term goals under Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and the national commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070. While public discussion often
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Understanding Cap Tables: Legal Structuring and ESOP Regulations (Startup Fundraising Series, Part III)
A capitalization table, commonly referred to as a cap table, is a structured record of a company’s ownership detailing the securities issued, the percentage of holdings, and the rights attached to each class of shares or instruments. It is, in essence, the company’s equity map. Beyond being a numerical summary, a cap table reflects the
Visualizing the Digital Rupee: Legal Foundation for India’s CBDC
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has embarked on the introduction of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), also referred to as the Digital Rupee (e₹), as a new form of sovereign money in electronic form. The initiative draws its foundation from the Concept Note on Central Bank Digital Currency issued by the RBI on
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Investment Instruments under Indian Law: Choosing the Right Structure for Startup Fundraising (Startup Fundraising Series, Part II)
Raising capital is one of the most defining milestones for any startup. As founders navigate their early growth journey, the choice of corporate finance instruments becomes more than a matter of convenience, it determines ownership structure, compliance obligations, and long-term investor relationships. In simple terms, these instruments represent the legal form through which investors bring
Legal Boundaries for Health Supplements in India
India’s health supplement industry has grown rapidly, driven by rising interest in preventive healthcare and nutrition-based products. This growth has blurred the line between nutritional and therapeutic products, prompting regulatory clarity from the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). The framework established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (“FSS Act”) and
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